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Loading page content...INTERACTIVE TERMINOLOGY & GLOSSARY #509
Explore essential concepts, mathematical formulas, and definitions. All CryptoViz documentation articles automatically cross-link terminology to this explorer.
Classical substitution cipher shifting alphabet characters by a fixed integer offset.
Polyalphabetic substitution cipher repeating a secret keyword to shift characters.
Symmetric block cipher standard using 128-bit blocks and 128/192/256-bit keys.
Public-key cryptosystem based on the mathematical difficulty of factoring large composite primes.
256-bit cryptographic hash function belonging to the SHA-2 family.
Arbitrary block of input used to randomize block cipher encryption modes.
An arbitrary number used only once in a cryptographic communication or protocol.
Random data added as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes passwords.
Mathematical protocol enabling two parties to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel.
Binary tree of hashes used for efficient and secure verification of large data structures.
Cryptanalytic attack systematically checking all possible keys until the correct one is found.
Property where flipping a single input bit changes approximately 50% of output bits.
Function deriving one or more secret keys from a master secret or password.
Cryptographic algorithms resistant to cryptanalysis by quantum computers.
Short piece of information used to authenticate a message and confirm its integrity.